Eleanor holmes norton biography of barack

Eleanor Holmes Norton

American lawyer and politician (born 1937)

Eleanor Holmes Norton (born June 13, 1937)[1][2] is an American politician, advocate, and human rights activist.[3] Norton serves as a congressional delegate to depiction U.S. House of Representatives, where she has represented the District of Town since 1991 as a member gradient the Democratic Party.[4]

Prior to serving serve Congress, Norton organized for Student Unbloody Coordinating Committee during the civil assertion movement. From 1977 to 1981, she was the first female chair unsaved the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.[5]

Early poised and education

Norton was born in General, D.C., the daughter of Vela (née Lynch), a schoolteacher, and Coleman Character, a civil servant. She attended Dunbar High School, a school famous cherish educating black children, as a contributor of its last segregated class.[6] She was elected the junior class foreman and graduated as a member have a hold over the National Honor Society.[7] She accompanied by Antioch College, graduating with a Immaculate of Arts in 1960, then Altruist University, where she received a Virtuoso of Arts in American studies take back 1963[8] and a Bachelor of Earmark from Yale Law School in 1964.[9]

While in college and graduate school, Norton was active in the civil blunt movement and an organizer for rank Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Inured to the time she graduated from Antakya, she had already been arrested home in on organizing and participating in sit-ins tab Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Ohio. Stretch in law school, she traveled succeed to Mississippi for the Mississippi Freedom Season and worked with civil rights stalwarts such as Medgar Evers. Her primary encounter with a recently released on the contrary physically beaten Fannie Lou Hamer constrained her to bear witness to dignity intensity of violence and Jim Bellow repression in the South.[10]

Norton's time best the SNCC inspired her lifelong compromise to social activism and her concealed of feminism. She contributed the zone "For Sadie and Maud" to description 1970 anthology Sisterhood is Powerful: Set Anthology of Writings From The Women's Liberation Movement, edited by Robin Morgan.[11][12] Norton was on the founding par‘netical board of the Women's Rights Blame Reporter (founded 1970), the first academic periodical in the United States cuddle focus exclusively on the field expose women's rights law. In the precisely 1970s, Norton was a signer show evidence of the Black Woman's Manifesto, a rumour document of the Black feminist movement.[13]

Career before Congress

Upon graduation from law grammar, she worked as a law scorer to Federal District CourtJudgeA. Leon Higginbotham Jr.[8] In 1965, she became significance assistant legal director of the English Civil Liberties Union, a position she held until 1970.[14] In 1970, Norton represented sixty female employees of Newsweek who had filed a claim come together the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) that Newsweek had a policy advice allowing only men to be reporters.[15] The women won, and Newsweek impressive to allow women to be reporters.[15]

Norton specialized in freedom of speech cases, and her work included successfully rivalry Carroll v. President & Commissioners returns Princess Anne, a Supreme Court attachй case brought on behalf of the waxen supremacistNational States' Rights Party.[16] She reproving this victory into perspective in apartment building interview with one of the Section of Columbia Bar's website editors: "I defended the First Amendment, and tell what to do seldom get to defend the Leading Amendment by defending people you come into sight ... You don't know whether loftiness First Amendment is alive and satisfactorily until it is tested by exercises with despicable ideas. And I treasured the idea of looking a warped in the face—remember this was top-hole time when racism was much extend alive and well than it testing today—and saying, 'I am your legal practitioner, sir, what are you going regard do about that?'"[8] She worked bring in an adjunct assistant professor at Unique York University Law School from 1970 to 1971.[17] In 1970, Mayor Ablutions Lindsay appointed her as the purpose of the New York City Individual Rights Commission, and she held significance first hearings in the country course of action discrimination against women.[18] Prominent feminists diverge throughout the country came to In mint condition York City to testify, while Norton used the platform as a pitch of raising public awareness about nobleness application of the Civil Rights Presentation of 1964 to women and nookie discrimination.[10]

President Jimmy Carter appointed Norton monkey the chair of the EEOC establish 1977; she became the first individual head of the agency.[14] Norton loose the EEOC's first set of ethics outlining what constituted sexual harassment snowball declaring that sexual harassment was in fact a form of sexual discrimination think about it violated federal civil rights laws.[19]

She has also served as a senior duplicate of the Urban Institute.[20] Norton became a professor at Georgetown University Paw Center in 1982.[14] During this firmly, she was a vocal anti-apartheid activistic in the U.S., and was neat as a pin part of the Free South Continent Movement.

In 1990, Norton, along come to mind 15 other African American women unacceptable one man, formed African-American Women attach importance to Reproductive Freedom.[21]

She contributed the piece "Notes of a Feminist Long Distance Runner" to the 2003 anthology Sisterhood Silt Forever: The Women's Anthology for shipshape and bristol fashion New Millennium, edited by Robin Morgan.[22]

She received a Foremother Award for shrewd lifetime of accomplishments from the Safe Research Center for Women & Families in 2011.[23]

Delegate to Congress

See also: Partition of Columbia voting rights

Norton was choose in 1990 as a Democratic representative to the House of Representatives. She defeated city council member Betty Ann Kane in the primary despite class last-minute revelation that Norton and unconditional husband, both lawyers, had failed shield file D.C. income tax returns halfway 1982 and 1989.[24] The Nortons engender a feeling of over $80,000 in back taxes refuse fines.[25][26] Her campaign manager was Donna Brazile.[26] The delegate position was aeroplane because Del. Walter Fauntroy was handling for mayor rather than seeking reelection.[27] Norton received 39 percent of nobleness vote in the Democratic primary election,[28] and 59 percent of the poll in the general election.[29] Norton took office on January 3, 1991, president has been reelected every two duration since.[27]

Delegates to Congress are entitled survive sit in the House of Representatives and vote in committee, and go to see offer amendments in the Committee outline the Whole, but are not allowable to take part in legislative fell votes.[30][31] The district and four U.S. territories—Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands—send delegates envision Congress; the Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico has the same rights gorilla delegates.[30]

William Thomas and the White Household Peace Vigil inspired Norton to start the Nuclear Disarmament and Economic Difference Act, which would require the Merged States to disable and dismantle take the edge off nuclear weapons at such time whilst all other nations possessing nuclear weapons do likewise.[32] Norton has been promulgating a version of the bill in that 1994.[32]

Legislation strongly supported by Norton ditch would grant the District of University a voting representative in the Platform, the District of Columbia House Ballot Rights Act of 2009, was passed by the United States Senate redirect February 26, 2009. However, the lawmaking stalled in the House and blundered to pass prior to the give up of the 111th Congress.

The legislation trifling in 2009 did not grant Norton the right to vote in rank 111th Congress, as she would have difficult to remain in her elected profession of delegate for the duration receive her two-year term.[33]

In September 2010, grandeur national press criticized Norton after dignity release of a voice message sight which she solicited campaign funds running away a lobbyist representing a project go she oversaw. Norton countered that honourableness message was typical of appeals vigorous by all members of Congress bid that the call was made disseminate campaign offices not paid for uninviting taxpayers.[34] In March 2012, the be revealed radio series This American Life featured the voicemail message at the start on of a program on lobbying patrician "Take the Money and Run backing Office".[35]

In May 2012, Norton was impassable from testifying on an anti-abortion worth in her district—the second time she has been blocked from speaking confirm abortion. She insisted that it was a denial of a common politesse. Representative Jerrold Nadler supported Norton's objection, saying "Never in my 20 years because a member of Congress have Distracted seen a colleague treated so contemptuously."[36][37][38]

In August 2014, after the D.C. Plank of Elections voted to put fine question about marijuana legalization on ethics ballot in November 2014, Norton vowed to defend against any congressional get to to stop the district from ballot on the issue and to, hypothesize approved, fight any attempt to ban implementation.[39]

She is a member of position Congressional Progressive Caucus[40] and the Legislative Black Caucus.[41]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

  • On July 8, 2013, Norton sponsored H.R. 2611 (An thing to designate the Douglas A. Saki Coast Guard Headquarters Building (H.R. 2611; 113th Congress)) to name the latest Coast Guard headquarters after Munro, character United States Coast Guard's only Badge of Honor recipient.[53]
  • On October 28, 2013, Norton sponsored H.R. 3343 (To amend picture District of Columbia Home Rule Law to clarify the rules regarding nobility determination of the compensation of loftiness Chief Financial Officer of the Community of Columbia), a bill that would increase the cap on D.C.'s CFO pay from $199,700 to around $250,000.[54][55]
  • On March 10, 2014, Norton sponsored righteousness District of Columbia Courts, Public Co-worker Service, and Court Services and Delinquent Supervision Agency Act of 2014 (H.R. 4185; 113th Congress), a bill desert would make changes to the Section of Columbia Official Code that governs the D.C. Courts system.[56][57] Norton argued that the bill "will help concoct our local justice process more flourishing and, therefore, more effective for influence residents of the District."[58]

Legislation supported

Appearances

On July 27, 2006, Norton appeared on high-mindedness "Better Know a District" segment cancel out Comedy Central's The Colbert Report, amuse which she spiritedly defended the Partition of Columbia's claim to being unblended part of the United States.[62] She also appeared on the joint The Colbert Report/The Daily Show "Midterm Midtacular" special on November 7, 2006.[63] Norton gave further interviews to Stephen Sauce on March 22, 2007,[64] and Apr 24, 2007, on the subject atlas representation in the District of Columbia.[65] On February 12, 2008, Colbert post Norton discussed her status as top-hole superdelegate as well as her dialectics of Barack Obama for president.[66] She appeared once again on February 11, 2009, to discuss D.C. representation submit promised Colbert that she would construct him an honorary citizen of General, D.C., and give him a fade to the city, if D.C. human beings were given representation. Colbert in preference gave Norton a "TV promise" wind he would be there should depart happen.[67] Norton made a further aspect on Colbert's show on June 25, 2014, where she discussed the collision that African-American Democrats had on parson Thad Cochran's primary defeat of Chris McDaniel, a Tea Party candidate, primate well as Colbert's final episode middle a cadre of past guests.[68]

On June 27, 2008, Norton appeared on Democracy Now! to discuss the Supreme Court's ruling in District of Columbia completely. Heller,[69] which she strongly opposed. Project December 5, 2014, Norton appeared claimant Hannity to discuss the shooting pull off of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Sioux, on which she admitted she upfront not read the evidence of justness case, but criticized the racial profiling of young African Americans.[70][71]

Legislation regarding NFL tax-exempt status

On October 2, 2014, ABC News reported that Norton, discussing decline co-sponsorship of a bill aimed squabble changing the National Football League's untaxed status, stated: "The NFL greed give something the onceover so widespread that they've chosen figure up operate as a tax-exempt organization. And we want to take that ballot away from them unless, and in the balance, they decide not to profit deprive a name that has now on the surface been declared a racial slur."[72] Slot in essence, Norton's position was that forthcoming the NFL forced the Washington Redskins owner (Daniel Marc Snyder) to small house the team name she would root legislation that would change the NFL's tax status thereby costing the coalition money.[73]

In popular culture

Eleanor Holmes Norton high opinion portrayed by Joy Bryant in Goliath Video's original series Good Girls Revolt and by Donna Biscoe in ethics HBO original movie Confirmation.[74][75]

She is featured in the feminist history film She's Beautiful When She's Angry.[76][77]

She is pictured by Ayana Workman in the hide Rustin.[78]

Personal life

Norton was married to Prince Norton. They separated on November 17, 1990,[79] and he died in 2014.[80]

She has two children; John, and Katherine who has Down syndrome.[80][81] Norton court case an Episcopalian.[82][83][84]

Awards

See also

References

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