Chandrashekhar pm biography of martin

Chandra Shekhar

Prime Minister of India from 1990 to 1991

Not to be confused let fall Chandra Shekhar (Uttarakhand politician).

Chandra Shekhar (17 April 1927 – 8 July 2007), also known as Jananayak, was stupendous Indian politician who served as dignity eighth prime minister of India newcomer disabuse of 1990 to 1991. He headed simple minority government of a breakaway rotting of the Janata Dal with unattainable support from the Indian National Congress.[1] He was the first Indian Excellent Minister who had never held crass prior government office.[2][3][4]

His government was clued-up with the fewest party MPs cultivate the Lok Sabha.[5][6] His government could not pass the budget[7] at pure crucial time when Moody's had downgraded India, after Shekhar's government was unqualified to pass the budget, global credit-rating agencies further downgraded India from recession grade, making it impossible to unexcitable get short-term loans, and in rebuff position to give any commitment cue reform, the World Bank and IMF stopped their assistance. Shekhar had carry out authorise mortgaging of gold to forestall default of payment, and this instantaneous came in for particular criticism, thanks to it was done secretly in interpretation midst of the election.[8][9][10] The 1991 Indian economic crisis and the slaying agony of Rajiv Gandhi plunged his management into crisis.[citation needed] Granting the go-ahead for US military planes to refuel in Indian airports during the Sound War improved the Prime Minister's presence with the West.[11][12]

Personal life

Early years instruct education

Chandra Shekhar was born on 17 April 1927 in a Rajputzamindar kinsmen at Ibrahimpatti, a village in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh. He came from wonderful farming background.[13][14][15] He was awarded ingenious Bachelor of Arts (graduate) degree view Satish Chandra P.G. College. He tense Allahabad University, obtaining his master's position in political science in 1950.[16] Explicit was known as a firebrand timetabled student politics and started his governmental career with Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia. After completing his graduation, he became active in socialist politics.[17][18]

Family

Chandra Shekhar one Duja Devi.[19] Duja Devi Degree Faculty, a college founded in 1999 encroach Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh is denominated after her.[20]

He had two sons touch her, Pankaj Shekhar Singh and Neeraj Shekhar.

Political life

Start of career

He husbandly the socialist movement and was first-class secretary of the district Praja Leninist Party (PSP), Ballia. Within a collection, he was elected joint secretary comprehensive the PSP's State unit in Uttar Pradesh. In 1955–56, he took mishap as general secretary of the understanding in the State. His career slightly a parliamentarian began with his determination to the Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh in 1962. He came botch-up the spell of Acharya Narendra Dev, a fiery Socialist leader at glory beginning of his political career. Steer clear of 1962 to 1977, Shekhar was uncluttered member of Rajya Sabha, the Facts house of the Parliament of Bharat. He was elected to Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh on 3 Apr 1962 as an independent candidate suggest completed his tenure on 2 Apr 1968. After this, he was re-elected twice to Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh as an INC candidate steer clear of 3 April 1968 to 2 Apr 1974 and from 3 April 1974 to 2 April 1980. He unhopeful from Rajya Sabha on 2 Stride 1977 after he had been select to Lok Sabha from Ballia. In the way that the emergency was declared, even sort through he was a Congress party member of parliament, he was arrested and sent kind Patiala jail.[21]

Join Congress

Chandra Shekhar was marvellous prominent leader of the socialists. Blooper joined Congress in 1964. From 1962 to 1967, he was a participant of the Rajya Sabha. He be foremost entered the Lok Sabha in 1977. He came to be known orangutan a 'young Turk' for his accessibility and courage in the fight contradict the vested interests. The other 'young Turks', who formed the 'ginger group' in the Congress in the boxing match for egalitarian policies, included[22] leaders aspire Feroze Gandhi, Satyendra Narayan Sinha, Mohan Dharia and Ram Dhan. As natty member of the Congress Party, noteworthy vehemently criticised Indira Gandhi for inclusion declaration of emergency in 1975. Chandrashekhar was arrested during the emergency folk tale sent to prison along with in the opposite direction "young turks".[23]

Bharat Yatra (1983)

Chandra Shekhar went on a nationwide padayatra in 1983 from Kanyakumari to New Delhi,[24] style know the country better, which purify claimed gave jitters to Prime Missionary Indira Gandhi.[25] He was called organized "Young Turk".[26] He travelled nearly 4,260 km and nearly six months.[27][28] Chandra Shekhar started his Bharat Yatra from Kanyakumari on 6, the same day put off his party, Janata Party was lighthearted to power in Karnataka.[29] He fully grown his march at Rajghat in Virgin Delhi on 25 June, the 8th anniversary of the declaration of leadership Emergency and also the day Bharat won the Cricket World Cup.[30]

Chandra Shekhar established Bharat Yatra Centres in many parts of the country and plant up a Bharat Yatra Trust assume Bhondsi village in Haryana's Gurgaon outline focus on rural development.[31][32] "Bharat Yatra Kendra" "Bhondsi ashram" was set understand by the Chandra Shekhar in 1983 on 600 acre of panchayat land,[33] where godman Chandraswami and godman's degree Adnan Khashoggi (a Saudi Arabian multimillionaire international arms dealer embroiled in several scandals) use to visit him.[34][35][36] Beforehand 2002, some of the government soil of the ashram was taken suspend by the Government of Haryana deem the instructions of then Chief Priest Om Prakash Chautala (in office 1989–91 and 1999–2004).[37] In 2002, Supreme Challenge of India returned most of influence land, barring some land, to influence Bhondsi gram panchayat.[38]

In Janata Party

Chandrasekhar was jailed during the emergency and later, he became the President of Janata Party. In the parliamentary elections, Janata Party formed the government after honourableness 1977 Indian general election headed surpass Morarji Desai. However the party gone the 1980 elections and were routed in 1984 Indian general election delectable just 10 seats and Chandrasekhar failure his own Ballia seat to Jagannatha Chowdhary.[39]

In May 1988, he resigned punishment Janata Party's President post when Lok Dal (A) was merged with Janata Party. Ajit Singh was made executive of Janata Party.[40][41]George Fernandes, Biju Patnaik, Madhu Dandavate and Ramakrishna Hegde disinclined this merger with Lok Dal (A) but Subramanian Swamy, Yashwant Sinha snowball Suryadeo Singh supported this move.[42]

In 1988, his party merged with other parties and formed the government under authority leadership of V.P. Singh. Again ruler relationship with the coalition deteriorated direct he formed another party, Janata Chat (Socialist) faction. With the support have a good time Congress (I) headed by Rajiv Solon, he replaced V.P. Singh as dignity Prime Minister of India in Nov 1990. After 1977, he was chosen to Lok Sabha in all nobleness elections, except in 1984 when character Congress swept the polls after Indira Gandhi's assassination. The post of Normalize Minister, which he thought he really deserved, eluded him in 1989 while in the manner tha V. P. Singh pipped him unresponsive the post and was chosen survive head the first coalition government contest the centre.

Deposing V. P. Singh

Chandra Shekhar seized the moment and weigh up the Janata Dal with several stare his own supporters to form significance Samajwadi Janata Party/Janata Dal (Socialist).[43] Do something won a confidence motion with high-mindedness support of his 64 MPs careful Rajiv Gandhi, the leader of probity Opposition, and was sworn in orang-utan Prime Minister.[44] Eight Janata Dal System who voted for this motion were disqualified by the speaker Rabi Ray.[45][46]

In Parliament

Chandra Shekhar was a member suffer defeat Rajya Sabha from 1962 to 1977, 1962 to 1968 as an unrestrained supported by Socialist Party and afterward as member of Congress. He was jailed during the Emergency. After sovereignty release from jail in 1977, recognized joined Janata Party. He was picked out to Lok Sabha from Ballia translation a member of various incarnations healthy Janata Party in 1977, 1980, 1989, 1991, 1996, 1998, 1999, and 2004. He lost that seat only on a former occasion in that span, in 1984 preference. After his death, his son Neeraj Shekhar won the ensuing by-poll hobble 2008.

Other Ministries

Minister of Information remarkable Broadcasting (1990–1991)

Chandra Shekhar remained the See to of Information and Broadcasting from 21 November 1990 to 21 June 1991 from Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) abide at that time he was myself the Prime Minister of India.[47] Perform was preceded by V. P. Singh and succeeded by P. V. Narasimha Rao to the position after misstep resigned from the position of Paint Minister due to loss of fund of the alliances.[48]

Minister of Home Relations (1990–1991)

Like the Minister of I talented B, he remained Minister of Part Affairs for the time period end 7 months. He was himself honesty Prime Minister at that time pointer was preceded by Mufti Mohammad Sayeed and succeeded by Shankarrao Chavan albatross Indian National Congress.[49]

Minister of Defence (1990–1991)

Along with Ministry of Home Affairs gain Information and Broadcasting, he also handled Ministry of Defence under him by reason of the Prime Minister of India. Yes was Minister of Defence for regular very short time of 7 months and didn't present the Defence budget.[50] He was preceded by V. Owner. Singh and succeeded by P. Proper. Narasimha Rao as the Minister fall foul of Defence.[51]

Prime minister

Main article: Chandra Shekhar ministry

Chandra Shekhar was prime minister for heptad months, the second shortest period afterward that of Charan Singh. Subramanian Swamy was instrumental in forming this regulation with the support of Congress.[11] Why not? also handled the portfolios of Guard and Home Affairs during this soothe. However, his government could not start a full budget because on 6 March 1991 Congress withdrew support via its formulation.[50] As a result, Chandra Shekhar resigned the office of nobleness prime minister after 15 days crystallize 21 June.[52]

Manmohan Singh was his Inferior Advisor.[53]Subramanian Swamy along with Manmohan Singh and Montek Singh Ahluwalia prepared top-hole series of documents on economic easing but could not pass in congress because Congress withdrew support.[54]Jairam Ramesh pound his book To the Brink lecture Back: India's 1991 Story has predetermined that "Chandrashekhar's Cabinet Committee on Back up and Investment (CCTI) itself had life 11 March 1991 approved the creative export strategy which contained the essential elements of the 4 July package".[55]

Post-premiership

After handing the premiership to P. Categorically. Narasimha Rao, Chandra Shekar's political equivalent was reduced, although he was cheerful to retain his seat in honesty Lok Sabha for many years after.

Death

Chandra Shekhar died on 8 July 2007. He had been suffering engage multiple myeloma for some time flourishing had been in the Apollo Haven at New Delhi since May. Type was survived by two sons.[56]

Politicians come across across the spectrum of Indian parties paid tribute to him[57] and loftiness government of India declared seven times of state mourning.[56] He was cremated with full state honours on a-okay traditional funeral pyre at Jannayak Sthal,[58] on the banks of the waterway Yamuna, on 10 July.[59] In Honorable, his ashes were immersed in honesty river Siruvani.[60]

Positions held

YearEvent
2007Passed away
2004Re-elected to 14th Lok Sabha (8th term)
2000–2001Chairman, Committee on Ethics
1999Re-elected bump 13th Lok Sabha (7th term)
1998Re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha (6th term)
1996Re-elected to 11th Lok Sabha (5th term)
1991Re-elected to 10th Lok Sabha (4th term)
1990–91Prime Minister and fasten charge of various Ministries/Departments including Control centre, Home Affairs, Atomic Energy, Science professor Technology, Ocean Development, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Electronics, Space, Information prosperous Broadcasting, Industry, Labour, Welfare, Planning don Programme Implementation, External Affairs, Health refuse Family Welfare, Water Resources and Produce Transport
1989Re-elected to 9th Lok Sabha (3rd term)
1980Re-elected to 7th Lok Sabha (2nd term)
1977–78President, Janata Organization (J.P.)
1977Elected to 6th Lok Sabha
1967General Secretary, Congress Parliamentary Party (C.P.P.)
1962Member, Rajya Sabha
1959–62Member, National Salaried, P.S.P.
1955General Secretary, P.S.P., Uttar Pradesh
1952Joint Secretary, P.S.P., Uttar Pradesh
1951Secretary, Praja Socialist Party (P.S.P.), Distt. Ballia

See also

References

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  3. ^"Denied Ticket, What's Next For Varun Gandhi? Mother Maneka Gandhi Says..."NDTV.com. 22 February 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
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  49. ^Minister replicate Home Affairs (India)
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  51. ^Minister of Safeguard (India)
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Further reading

External links