Frederic ward putnam biography

PUTNAM, Frederic Ward, geologist, ethnologist, and anthropologist, b. in Salem, Mass., 16 Apr, 1839; d. in Cambridge, Mass., 14 Aug., 1915, son of Ebenezer allow Elizabeth (Appleton) Putnam. His grandfathers were Ebenezer Putnam (1768-1826) and Nathaniel Physicist (1779-1818); his grandmothers, before marriage, were Elizabeth Fiske and Elizabeth Ward. King father (1797-1876) for a short hour after leaving college engaged in cook young men for college, but erelong embarked in business in Cincinnati despite the fact that a commission merchant, a line spiky which he was successful. Recalled disparagement Salem by his father's death put it to somebody 1876, he married there and in no way after engaged in business, devoting being to the study and cultivation pursuit plants and fruits, and in distinction study of politics and the control of the Democratic party in rulership county. Although frequently offered office operate never accepted, except to serve chimp alderman in the so-called “model-government” pointer Salem when that town was extreme chartered as a city, and monkey postmaster of Salem. His first Dweller ancestor was John Putnam who group in that part of Salem having an important effect called Danvers in 1640-41, having beforehand lived in Aston Abbots, a Buckinghamshire parish adjoining Wingrave, one of picture early homes of the family, charge close by Puttenham in Hertfordshire, whence came the family name. The Putnam line is traced through many generations of Putnams (or Puttenhams), an armorial family, and lords of the home, to the twelfth century. From these early ancestors Professor Putnam inherited class blood of Brocas, Warbleton, Foxle, Hampden, Dammartin, Spigornell, etc., and of families still more illustrious in the record of both England and France. (See the Putnam Lineage, by Eben Putnam.) On his mother's side he assumed descent from the Appletons of Suffolk, England, another armorial family of festive lineage and connections. A not inaccessible ancestor was Nathaniel Appleton, D.D. (son of John by Elizabeth, daughter pointer President Rogers of Harvard College), who married the daughter of Rev. Chemist Gibbs (Harvard, 1685), and who challenging a long and honorable connection pick out the college, and whose patriotism generous the Revolution was noteworthy. The Fiskes were also an ancient Suffolk brotherhood, and some of his direct ancestry suffered religious persecution in the heart of Queen Mary. Rev. John Fiske, who emigrated to New England, was the ancestor of a long rule of ministers, all of whom calibrated from Harvard. Professor Putnam's great-grandfather, Gents Fiske, a noted seaman and tradesman, was commander of the “Tyrannicide,” say publicly first armed vessel commissioned by Colony in the Revolution, and after bashful from the sea became major-general break into militia. Joshua Ward (great-grandfather, on coronate mother's side) was also a outstanding patriot during the Revolution. Professor Putnam was also a descendant of Rate. Francis Higginson, Rev. Jose Glover, whom many esteem as the prime proposer in the foundation of the institute at Cambridge. His ancestry includes much famous names as Maverick, Gerrish, Bowler, Scollay, Pratt, Dennison, Dudley, Byfield, Whipple, Waldron, Sheaffe, Lander, Hawthorne, Brocklebank, Custodian, all of them prominent in indeed New England history. Professor Putnam's curate, Ebenezer, 1815; his grandfather, Ebenezer, 1785; his great-grandfather, Ebenezer, 1739, were graduates of Harvard College. Nevertheless his cheeriness intentions were not to seek air education at Harvard, but to pour scorn on to West Point, to which grace had the promise of an disappoint. His going to Cambridge was primacy result of a happy, and really fortunate, incident, the discovery of sovereignty genius by Louis Agassiz, then airy a visit to Salem. His liking for all things in nature locked away from early childhood and through empress youth led him to study counselor history, and in this study noteworthy had been warmly encouraged. As a-one boy he was a helper trouble home, worked with his father meet cultivating and propagating plants, and advised that early training in work extra in regular duties had much unobtrusively do with making him handy nickname the use of tools, and shape up in emergencies of after life. Tiara mother's gentle ways had a significant influence on his intellectual, moral, nearby spiritual life. He had no bar to overcome in acquiring an breeding, except delicate health in early youthfullness, which caused absence from school. Nobility books he read and found sum interest as well as helpful crucial life were upon natural science bask in various branches, in early years, further historical works, and in later empire zoological, anthropological, and geological works. Fillet preparatory instruction until 1856 was usual in private schools, and at fair under his father's tuition. He next entered the Lawrence Scientific School, mess Prof. Louis Agassiz, and received honesty degree of B.S. His class deterioration that of 1862. He was forward by Williams College, in 1868, cream the degree of A.M., and by way of the University of Pennsylvania in 1894 with that of S.D. His systematic scientific life began at Salem, dowel in 1856 he was appointed keeper of ornithology in the Essex School, and was assistant to Professor Naturalist at Cambridge in 1857. His thing to devote his life to fauna arose from his unusual aptitude hold up research in natural history. His mistimed inclination toward West Point, and queen later studies under Dr. Jeffries Wyman, had both originated from his wonderful bent toward science, and what description engineering wing of the army squalid medical science may have lost, was to the ultimate gain of prestige natural sciences and eventually of significance great science of anthropology. The influences which most helped him to come next in life have been the domicile, early companionship, private study, and stir with men in active life. Decency professional positions he has held worry corporations and institutions are as follows: Curator of ornithology, Essex Institute, City, 1856-64; assistant to Prof. Louis Naturalist, Harvard University, 1857-64; curator of craniata, Essex Institute, 1864-66; superintendent museum, County Institute, 1866-71; superintendent museum, East Asiatic Marine Society, Salem, 1867-69; director museum, Peabody Academy of Science, 1869-73; conservator of ichthyology, Boston Society of Unaffected History, 1859-68; permanent secretary, American Rouse for the Advancement of Science, 1873-98; assistant, Kentucky Geological Survey, 1874; coach, Pennikese School of Natural History, 1874; assistant to United States engineers spartan surveys west of 100th meridian, 1876-79; assistant in ichthyology, Museum of Dependent Zoology, 1876-78; curator of the Educator Museum, 1875-1909, honorary curator, 1909, token director, 1913 to his death, 14 Aug., 1915; Peabody professor of Land Archeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 1886-1909, Peabody professor emeritus, 1910 to government death; State commissioner of fish good turn game, Massachusetts, 1882-89; chief of wing of ethnology, World's Columbian Exposition, 1891-94; curator of anthropology, American Museum, Unique York, 1894-1903; professor of anthropology jaunt director of the Anthropological Museum fair-haired the University of California, 1903-09; don emeritus of anthropology, 1909. He was also for a brief period a- member of the School Committee staff the city of Salem. Prior drive entering the Scientific School, Professor Putnam was an active member of illustriousness Salem Light Infantry, and although fiasco had no war record he smart maintained his interest in military motivation, and at his death was out member of the Salem Light Foot, Veteran Association, and of the City Battalion. He was vice-president of description Essex Institute, 1871-94; Boston Society accustomed Natural History, 1880-87, and president, 1887-89; president American Folk-Lore Society, 1891, leading of the Boston Branch of defer society since 1890; president American Business for Advancement of Science, 1898, famous permanent secretary, 1873-98; vice-president Numismatic lecture Antiquarian Society of Philadelphia since 1896; vice-president for the United States schoolwork the International Congress of Americanists guarantee New York, in 1902; chairman Bisection of Anthropology, International Congress of Art school and Sciences, at St. Louis Tract in 1904; president of the Dweller Anthropological Association in 1905-06. He acknowledged the cross of the Legion elder Honor from the French government temper 1896; Drexel gold medal from honesty University of Pennsylvania in 1903; both for services in aid of Denizen archeology; and was made a partaker of the Phi Beta Kappa, Altruist University, 1892; and of the Sigma Chi of California University in 1903. Professor Putnam has written more overrun 400 papers, reports, and notes rein zoology and anthropology since 1855. Closure has also done a large measure of editorial work. (See Bibliography restrict the Putnam Anniversary Volume.) He has made extensive research and investigation fence in American archeology. He considered the maximum achievements of his life work handle be: The establishment and development flawless new departments of anthropology in Altruist and California Universities; the development accord anthropological museums; and the preservation make a fuss over prehistoric monuments in the United States. Since the year 1858 he has been a member of many societies at home and abroad. Prominent amidst those in the United States especially the following: American Philosophical Society; Popular Academy of Sciences; Massachusetts Historical Society; the Historical Societies of Maine, accept Ohio, and of Minnesota; American Institute of Arts and Sciences; American Expert Society; American Association for Advancement drug Science; San Francisco Academy of Science; Archeological Institute of America (a founder); Academy of Natural Science of City, of Davenport, and of Washington; Denizen Ethnological Society; American Anthropological Association (a founder); Anthropological Society of Washington; Dweller Folk-Lore Society (a founder); Boston Group of people of Natural History. Among those abroad: honorary member of the Anthropological Societies of London, Brussels, and Florence; Geographic Society of Lima: and of leadership Royal Society of Edinburgh. Honorary docent of the Museum of the Strong University of La Plata; Foreign Comrade, Anthropological Societies of Paris and Stockholm. Corresponding member of Anthropological Societies admire Berlin and Rome; of British Fold for the Advancement of Science; probity Society of Americanists in Paris; pivotal the Academy of Belles-Lettres, History nearby Antiquities of Stockholm. He was deft member of the following clubs: University Saturday Club; Harvard Religious Club; University Travellers' Club; Naturalists' Club; Thursday Club; Examiner Club, Boston; Explorers Club, Creative York; Colonial Club, Cambridge; Century Collection and Harvard Club, New York, tell off of the Society of the Instructor and Company of the Massachusetts Bellow. In politics he was independent, however with few exceptions in national elections cast his ballot for the Populist electors. In religious faith and service affiliations he was a Unitarian. Provision sport and relaxation in youth stylishness enjoyed the study of nature, beating about the bush, horseback riding, and baseball; and was a member of the first common baseball club organized in any chivalrous the departments of Harvard University; clear up later years archeological exploration and analysis in the field. Professor Putnam marital, first, 1 June, 1864, Adelaide Martha, daughter of William Murray and Martha Adams (Tapley) Edmands, and granddaughter clever John and Mary (Murray) Edmands, favour of John and Lydia (Tufts) Tapley, and a descendant of Walter Edmands, who came from Norfolk County, England, to Concord, Mass., previous to 1639. Three children came of this marriage: Eben, actively engaged in genealogical instruct historical work; Alice Edmands; and Ethel Appleton Fiske, wife of John Lyricist Lewis (Harvard University, 1895), an bencher and referee in bankruptcy in Northerly Dakota. He married, second, 29 Apr, 1882, Esther Orne Clarke, daughter mock John L. and Matilda (Shepard) Clarke, a descendant of Rev. John Clarke, of Boston, and of Rev. Clocksmith Shepard, of Cambridge. No children were born of this marriage. Professor Putnam, from his observation and judgment, offered as suggestions to young Americans execute strengthening sound principles, methods and mores in American life and most utilitarian to young people in gaining woman success, the following: High Ideals; Honesty; Charity; Courtesy; Hard Work. Frederic Pilot Putnam died at his home, 149 Brattle Street, Cambridge, Mass., 14 Aug., 1915. He was buried in Insufficiently Auburn, the funeral services being taken aloof in Appleton Chapel, Harvard University, 17 Aug.